- Product Description
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H13 is a CR-MO-V alloyed hot working die steel, which belongs to American AISI Standard Grade. It is supplied in the form of flat steel blanks, i. e. plates or blocks of material with rectangular cross-sections that have been rolled or forged at the factory. H13 is known as“Universal” hot work die steel because of its good balance of strength, hardness, thermal fatigue resistance and toughness at high temperature.
I. Core features
The core value of H13 is its comprehensive and balanced performance, able to meet the needs of a variety of hot working conditions.Excellent high temperature strength and hardness (tempering softening resistance)
At high temperature (usually up to 600 °C) , H13 can still maintain high hardness and strength, resist die softening, deformation or collapse caused by high temperature and pressure, so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of castings or forgings.
Good resistance to thermal fatigue
This is the key indicator of hot work die steel. In the process of cyclic heating (contact molten metal) and cooling (spray release agent) , the surface of the mold will expand and contract repeatedly, resulting in network microcracks (cracks) . H13 has good thermal fatigue resistance, can effectively delay the generation and expansion of cracks, prolong die life.
Moderate toughness and impact resistance
In the hot work die steel, H13 has good toughness, which can withstand the mechanical shock and thermal shock during the working process, and reduce the risk of cracking or chipping of the die.
Good Hardenability
Even on large cross-sectional dimensions, H13 can be heat-treated to obtain uniform mechanical properties and hardness, ensuring consistent core and surface properties for large molds.
Good thermal conductivity and thermal balance
It is helpful for the rapid conduction and dissipation of heat in the mold cavity, reducing the concentration of thermal stress, and improving the life of the mold.
Main chemical constituents (typical values)
Its performance is derived from the classical chemical composition.Elements carbon (c) chromium (CR) molybdenum (MO) vanadium (V) Silicon
0.39% ~ 5.20% ~ 1.40% ~ 1.00% ~ 1.00%
Carbon (C) : provides basic hardness and strength.Chromium (CR) : mainly provides hardenability and some corrosion resistance (oxidation resistance) .
Molybdenum (MO) and vanadium (V) : form stable carbides that provide secondary hardening effect, high temperature strength and wear resistance, while refining grains.
Typical areas of application
H13 flat steel blanks are widely used in the manufacture of the following hot working dies after machining and heat treatment:Aluminum, magnesium, zinc alloy die casting die: this is the most important application of H13. Such as automobile engine block, gearbox shell, wheel hub, electronic products such as die-casting mold shell.
Hot extrusion die: used for aluminum, copper extrusion die, die pad, extrusion rod, etc. .
Hot forging die: Used for forging die, punch, forging die sleeve of various metal parts.
Plastic mold: for the need for high heat-resistant injection mold (such as engineering plastics) or long-life mold, sometimes H13 will be selected.
Others: such as precision forging die, hot shear blade, etc. .
Status of supply and heat treatment
Supply status: flat steel blanks, usually supplied in the annealed state, with hardness of about 180-220hb. In this state, the steel is soft, easy to machining.Heat treatment process (to be carried out by the mould manufacturer) :
Quenching (hardening) :
Preheating: it is necessary to perform segmented preheating (e. g. , 650 °C and 850 °C-RRB- to reduce thermal stress and deformation.
Austenitizing: recommended temperature is 1020-1050 °C. Shall be carried out in a protective atmosphere furnace to prevent decarburization and oxidation.
Cooling: oil cooling or high pressure gas quenching can be used. For complex die, high pressure gas quenching, is a better choice, can effectively control the deformation and avoid cracking.
Tempering:
At least two temperings must be carried out to completely eliminate retained austenite and obtain stable properties.
The tempering temperature, usually between 540-600 °C, depends on the final hardness required.
Typical hardness: 44-48 HRC. This is the most commonly used hardness range for die casting and hot forging dies, achieving the best balance of toughness, thermal strength and thermal fatigue resistance. For higher wear resistance requirements of the occasion, can be increased to 48-50 HRC, for higher toughness requirements of the occasion, can be reduced to 40-44 HRC.
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